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The Printing Technique
Everything you need to know
Stone lithography is a printmaking technique that involves creating images on a stone surface. Here's a summary of the process:
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Preparation of the Stone: The process begins with selecting a smooth limestone slab, typically treated with a mixture of gum arabic and nitric acid. This treatment makes the surface of the stone more susceptible to drawing materials.
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Drawing the Image: Artists use a greasy drawing material, such as lithographic crayons or pencils, to create the image directly on the treated stone. The greasy substance adheres to the stone while repelling water.
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Chemical Fixing: A solution of gum arabic and acid is applied to the stone. This fixes the drawing to the surface by chemically bonding the greasy and non-greasy areas.
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Inking the Stone: The stone is then inked with oil-based lithographic ink. The ink adheres to the greasy image while being repelled by the wet, non-image areas.
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Printing: A sheet of paper is placed on the inked stone, and the two are passed through a printing press under pressure. The paper picks up the ink from the image, resulting in a printed reproduction of the artist's drawing.
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Repeating the Process: Stone lithography allows for multiple reproductions of the same image. The process can be repeated on the same stone or on additional stones for various colors.
Stone lithography is valued for its ability to produce high-quality, detailed prints and is known for capturing subtle tonal variations in the images. It was widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries for creating fine art prints, posters, and illustrations.
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